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Physical Features: Hilly, rolling, almost half covered by timber; drains to Navasota River, Trinity River, and tributaries; Lake Limestone; sandy, dark, alluvial soils.

Economy: Poultry farming, cattle ranching, hay.

History: Bidais, absorbed into the Kickapoos and other groups. Permanent settlement by Anglo-Americans occurred after the Texas Revolution; Germans arrived in the 1870s. County created and organized in 1846 from Robertson County; named for founder of Victoria, Martín de León.

Race/Ethnicity: (In percent) Anglo, 75.8; Black, 7.2; Hispanic, 15.0; Asian, 0.7; Other, 0.9; Two or more races, 1.4.

Vital Statistics, annual: Births, 213; deaths, 223; marriages, 115; divorces, 61.

Recreation: Hilltop Lakes resort area; sites of Camino Real, Fort Boggy State Park, Keechi Creek Wildlife Management Area; deer hunting.

Minerals: Oil, natural gas.

Agriculture: Poultry, cow-calf production, hay, small grains. Market value $169.4 million. Hardwoods, pine marketed.

CENTERVILLE (909) county seat; agricuture, government/services; Christmas on the Square in December.

BUFFALO (1,986) oil/gas; library; May Spring Fest with fiddlers’ contest.

Other towns include: Concord (28); Flynn (81); Hilltop Lakes (999) resort, retirement center; Jewett (1,243) steel mill, civic center, museum, library, Classic Coon Hunt in January; Leona (189) candle factory; Marquez (270); Normangee (683, partly in Madison County) farming, tourism; library, museum, city park; Oakwood (522).

The main street of Buffalo. Photo by Robert Plocheck.