Trinity County

Trinity County, Texas

Trinity County, Texas

The Trinity County Courthouse is housed in Groveton, Texas. Photograph by Larry D. Moore.
Trinity County, Texas

Trinity County, Texas

Map of Trinity County, Texas. Map Credit: Robert Plocheck.
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Trinity County is in the East Texas Timberlands region. The center of the county lies at 31°07' north latitude and 95°05' west longitude. Groveton, the county seat of government, is near the center of the county and ninety air miles north of Houston. The county's name is from the Trinity River, which forms its southeastern boundary. Trinity County covers 692 square miles of rolling to hilly terrain that extends diagonally from the Trinity River northeast to the Neches River. The area is drained by these rivers and by a number of creeks that drain into them; near the southern tip of the county the Trinity has been dammed to form Livingston Reservoir, which provides water and recreation for the area. Altitudes in Trinity County range from 150 to 400 feet above sea level. Most parts of the area have reddish soils with loamy surfaces and clayey subsoils; in the western parts of the county, the soils are light colored with sandy surfaces and clayey subsoils. The county's climate is subtropical and humid, with warm summers and an annual average precipitation of forty-six inches. Temperatures range from an average low of 38° F in January to an average high of 94° F in July; the growing season lasts 260 days.

Before the advent of the lumber industry in the 1880s, the area was covered by forests of immense trees as large as fifty inches in diameter with first limbs sixty to eighty feet above the ground. Though these forests were destroyed, many areas are now reforested, and much of the county is dotted with pine and hardwood forests. Sweet gum, black willow, hawthorn, water locust, willow, laurel, sycamore, redbud, dogwood, magnolia, chinaberry, green ash, winged elm, red maple, bass wood, iron wood, hickory, winged sumac, oak, and short leaf and loblolly pine grow in abundance. Trinity County harbors a wide variety of wildlife species, including opossum, Eastern Mole, pocket gopher, coyote, red fox, striped skunk, river otter, mink, beaver, deer, and armadillo. The area is also home to numerous snake species, from the harmless coachwhip and common garter snakes to the poisonous copperhead, Western cottonmouth, and diamond back rattler. Birds found in the area include great blue heron, ibis, marsh hawk, whippoorwill, mourning dove, roadrunner, and pileated woodpecker. About 59 percent of the land in the county is controlled by timber interests or the national government: almost 200,000 acres of the county's land is owned by lumber and paper companies, while the Davy Crockett National Forest covers more than 73,000 acres. In 1982 about 36 percent of the county was in farms and ranches; 83 percent of the area's agricultural receipts was from livestock and livestock products, especially cattle, milk, and hogs. Coastal and Bermuda grasses with winter ground cover of oats and rye were raised as feed for cattle, and local farmers also grew sweet potatoes, peaches, and pecans.

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John Leffler, Christopher Long | © TSHA

Handbook of Texas Logo

Adapted from the official Handbook of Texas, a state encyclopedia developed by Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). It is an authoritative source of trusted historical records.

Currently Exists

Yes

Place type

Trinity County is classified as a County

Altitude Range

131 ft – 410 ft

Size

Land area does not include water surface area, whereas total area does

  • Land Area: 693.6 mi²
  • Total Area: 714.0 mi²

Temperature

January mean minimum: 35.1°F
July mean maximum: 92.9°F

Rainfall, 2019

49.3 inches

Population Count, 2019

14,651

Civilian Labor Count, 2019

5,101

Unemployment, 2019

9.0%

Property Values, 2019

$1,903,378,695 USD

Per-Capita Income, 2019

$34,514 USD

Retail Sales, 2019

$75,549,049 USD

Wages, 2019

$20,213,731 USD

Trinity County

Highlighted:
  • Trinity County
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